Measles: the past, the present and the future

Abstract

Abstract: Measles is one of the most infectious diseases known to affect man. It spreads rapidly from an index case to many susceptible individuals resulting in cycles of epidemics in different parts of the world especially in the African continent. The contribution of measles to childhood mortality and morbidity remains high because it gives rise to complications such as pneumonia, malnutrition and blindness. Measles vaccine is known to be efficacious and effective; however appearance of epidemics in parts of Europe and the USA in recent times underscores the fact that low vaccine uptake will always leave a large number of susceptible individuals with a potential for epidemics. The history, aetiopathogenesis, clinical features (including complications), diagnostic tools, treatment and prevention are discussed in this article. The most important steps to prevent measles cases and deaths would be to institutionalize the two dose measles vaccine regime; give supplemental Vitamin A; strengthen health systems to be able to adequately deliver the vaccine and supplement, carry out surveillance and offer treatment for cases. There is no doubt that global partnerships remain relevant in order to consolidate and accelerate prevention of measles, thus, they must continue to be supported.