The Prevalence and Perinatal Outcome of obvious Congenital Malformations among Inborn Babies at Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Kano

Abstract

 Background: The prevalence of congenital malformations varies from place to place. With a declining economy, increased utilization of traditional medications, and the traditional culture of consanguinity in Kano area, we decided to examine the incidence and pattern of presentation of congenital malformations in the city. Objectives: To document the prevalence, pattern, contribution to perinatal mortality and outcome in babies with obvious congenital malformations.

Patients and Methods: A retrospective review of obvious major congenital malformations in neonates delivered at the Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Kano over a six-year period, was carried out. Data were retrieved from the case files of the neonates.

Results: The overall prevalence of congenital malformations was 5.5/1000 total births with a perinatal mortality rate of 60.7/1000 total births. Congenital malformations contributed 1.3 percent to the overall perinatal mortality. Gastrointestinal, central nervous system and unclassified malformations were the commonest. Malformations of the cardiopulmonary system had the highest case fatality rate.

Conclusion: The contribution of congenital malformations to perinatal mortality in Kano may be higher than reported in this study as the diagnosis of congenital malformations is often missed because of low autopsy rates and non-availability of advanced diagnostic facilities in our institution. 

Keywords: Congenital malformations, inborn babies, Kano